ࡱ> V6usmoqsuwy{ }  q s uwy{}QSUWY[]_acegi k!!m""o##q$$s%%u&&w''y(({))}**+,q,,s--u..w//y00{11}2234Q44S55|m}mF  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstvwxyz{|}~Root Entryb.@p]PerfectOffice_MAIN&8PerfectOffice_OBJECTS,@P@PSummaryInformation( ZOh+'Oh+'0T l xSC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Programs\Masters\design\zig zag.mstThomas Bolioli587CC:\PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\PROGRAMS\PRWIN9.EXEr -M@MW &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular -M@M)?  Zf 4 @ @ @ @ @ @WPC8 ~ _`Orbhnw|"XXXX'33' >4NmhbIw oJier%td;V -(()}**q+-C.e00r1w134d8y_9 jDED.HKL_pLSMlMm,NrNOu"PtPmQ_bQE [{"\=_^f^WPC F2  I  .3  ," BGHI %,2  I  .3  IntroSlide '@ 9E !'2  I  .3  IntroSlide ,"! ,2  I  .3  ThePopulationDynamicsDrivingSprawl....2  1  .3  ThomasBoliolic&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@(  *+,(2  I  .3  TheDevelopmentPatterninRIis.....2  A  .3  NotsimplytheresultofUrbantoRuralmigration...2  A  .3  Largelynottheresultofchangesinculturalsettlementpatternsovertime...2  A  .3  However,largelytheresultofdemographictrends...2  A  .3  Unequivocallyrelatedtopopulationgrowth...2  A  .3  Relatedtoresidentialpreferencedrivenbyfamilialneeds...2  A  .3  Mostlikelynotsomethingradicallynewanddifferentfrompastsettlementpatterns.(  ..-(2  I  .3  TheResearchWillShow.....2  A  .3  Thatthehousingdemandseeninthelast30yearswasrealandnottheresultofglutenousbehavior...2  A  .3  Thatoverthestudyperiod,age-specificresidentialpreferencehasnotchangedsignificantly...2  A  .3  Thatoverallpopulationgrowthisnotanadequatemeasuretocompareothergrowthrateswith...2  A  .3  TheconceptofSprawlsuffersfromalackofcontextwithregardstotimeandscale.-#  -2  I  .3  TodaysLineup..2  A  .3  DefineandDiscussSprawl..2  A  .3  DataandDefinitions..2  A  .3  AgeStructure..2  A  .3  AgeSpecificBehavior(LifeCycleMigration)..2  A  .3  HistoricalUrbanDevelopment..2  A  .3  CursorySpatialAnalysisofDevelopmentinRI..2  A  .3  ImplicationsofFindingsc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(AlsoInterspersedThroughout)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  Conclusions-#;  ())*-2  I  .3  TodaysLineup..2  A  .3  DefineandDiscussSprawl..2  A  .3  DataandDefinitions..2  A  .3  AgeStructure..2  A  .3  NaturalIncrease(NI)v.Migration..2  A  .3  AgeSpecificBehavior(LifeCycleMigration)..2  A  .3  InferredMigration..2  A  .3  ShiftsinAgeSpecificBehavior..2  A  .3  Conclusions'!@  '2  I  .3  SprawlDefined-#  -2  I  .3  IndicatorsofSprawl..2  A  .3  Lossofopenspace/generalinefficientlandusepatterns..2  A  .3  Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareas..2  A  .3  Increasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermits..2  A  .3  Lossoffarms,forestland..2  A  .3  Increasedtimeintraffic/increasedvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)..2  A  .3  GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareas..2  A  .3  GeneralizedUrbanDecay6,+  " 62  I  .3  CausesofSprawlCommonlyCited..2  A  .3  TheAdventoftheAutomobile..2  A  .3  CulturalShiftintheIdeaofUrbanForm..2  A  .3  EconomicWealth(orlackthereof)'!36 '2  I  .3  HousingandPopulationGrowth'!` '2  I  .3  1995LandUse'!`  '2  I  .3  ExampleSubdivision1'! 12  I  .3  HypothesisofResearch....2  1  .3  Sprawlis.....2  A  .3  Therefore,oneofthemajorcausesofUrbanSprawlisthecombinedeffectofinternallife-cyclemigration,agespecificbehaviorpatternsthatincludeagespecificresidentialpreferencesandthecompositemakeupofthepopulationsagestructure.1';   12  I  .3  MethodsandData..2  A  .3  PopulationNormalization..2  A  .3  PopulationModeling(HoldingMigrationZero)-#+   < -2  I  .3  ClassificationsofTowns..2  A  .3  UrbanCore:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsCentralFalls,Providence,Pawtucket,Woonsocket,Newport.Thesemunicipalitiesarehistoricallycitiesandaredubbed"oldmunicipalities"byGSRI.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  UrbanRing:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsN.Providence,E.Providence,W.Warwick,Cranston,Warwick.Thesemunicipalitiesareconsidered"newmunicipalities"andhaveonlybecomecitiesafterWWII.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  Suburban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsBristol,Warren,Barrington,Middletown,Narragansett,Johnston,Cumberland,Lincoln,Westerly,E.Greenwich,Portsmouth,Smithfield,N.Kingstown,Jamestown.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  Rural/EmergingSuburban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsTiverton,Coventry,S.Kingstown,N.Smithfield,Burrillville,Charlestown,Scituate,LittleCompton,Glocester,Hopkington,Richmond,Exeter,Foster,NewShoreham(BlockIsland),WestGreenwichc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  Urban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Containsbothurbancoreandurbanringgroupscombined.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@Ԁ..2  A  .3  Non-urban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Containsbothsuburbanandrural/emergingsuburbangroupscombined.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@'!`    '2  I  .3  ClassificationsMap  @'! '2  I  .3  Population/AgeStructureProfiles    @,"!22 ,2  I  .3  RhodeIslandHousingConstruction'!47 '2  I  .3  ContributionofVacation/OccasionalUseHomesOverTime'17: '2  I  .3  RIHousingTypesOverTime-# :453-2  I  .3  SomeFalseSprawlIndicators....2  1  .3  WhatSprawlisNot..2  A  .3  Lossofopenspace(doesnotincludespatialportionofargument,yet...)..2  A  .3  Aggregateincreasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermits..2  A  .3  Lossoffarms,forestland(again,withregardstoaggregatelossofland)1'+ +#"# 12  I  .3  AgeSpecificHousingPreference..2  A  .3  ThisisreferredtoasLife-CycleMigrationandcanbeshownindirectlybyusingamethodknownasAge-StructureNormalization.6,; ,$%  62  I  .3  AgeStructureNormalization..2  A  .3  Normalizationallowsonetoseethedifferencesbetweentworegionsagestructures.Thisisaccomplishedbyusingthetotalofbothpopulationsasabaselinetocomparethetworegionsagainst.'! '2  I  .3  1990Population:DeviationfromStateAverage'! '2  I  .3  1970-1990Population:DeviationfromStateNorm'1`-! '2  I  .3  RelativeNormalizationoverTime-#; 5689-2  I  .3  InferredMigration..2  A  .3  Life-CycleMigrationDataisnotavailabletodetermineinter-regionmigration...2  A  .3  Inlieuofthatdataasecondmethodwasemployedknownasnormalization...2  A  .3  Thiswillallowmigrationtobedeterminedbyinference.'!  '2  I  .3  1970-1990Population:PercentDeviationfromStateNorm-#)1?01-2  I  .3  NaturalIncrease..2  A  .3  NI    @t    @=Births    @t    @-Deaths    @t    @..2  A  .3  Therefore,assumingthereisnomigration,theNaturalIncreaseisthedifferencebetweenthenumberofbirthsintimetandthenumberdeathsintimet...2  A  .3  TheNIforaregionwasderivedbymodelingthepopulationusinghistoricalCensusnumbersandbirth/deathrateswhileholdingmigrationatzero.,"!`/0/ ,2  I  .3  NaturalIncreasev.Migration-#  BCEF-2  I  .3  IndicatorsofSprawl..2  A  .3  Lossofopenspace/generalinefficientlandusepatterns    @ c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx    @..2  A  .3  Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareas..2  A  .3  Increasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermits    @ c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx    @..2  A  .3  Lossoffarms,forestland c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc    @(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx    @..2  A  .3  Increasedtimeintraffic/increasedvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)    @ (TrivialInRI)    @..2  A  .3  GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareas..2  A  .3  GeneralizedUrbanDecay c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc    @(CouldbeattributedtolossofPopulation)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx    @ 1'  @ACD $12  I  .3  IndicatorsofSprawlStillStanding..2  A  .3  Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareas..2  A  .3  GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareas( DGH(2  I  .3  OriginalDefinitionofSprawl..2  A  .3  TheconceptofSprawlhastakenonalifeofitsown...2  A  .3  WilliamH.WhyteJr.whocoinedthephrasehadneverintendedfortheconceptofSprawltobesoencompassing...2  A  .3  Hebasicallydidnotlikeleapfrogdevelopmentandfeltthatvacantlotswereahugeproblem.# AB#2  I  .3  EndofPopulationSection..2  A  .3     SurgeonGeneralsWarning:    @..2  A  .3  TherestofthepresentationdealswithmyinterpretationofSprawltakingintoaccountthedemographicfactorsjustdescribed.Thisparthasnotbeenstudiedtoanygreatextent.Itmustalsobestatedthattheseviewsarewhollymyownanddonotreflecttheviewsandbeliefsofmyadvisor,whowillremainnameless.1'!= 12  I  .3  IsaCloudFog,orisFogaCloud?....2  1  .3  SprawlMay Be aChangeofScale"1  "2  I  .3  1974LandUse,"@=?@ ",2  I  .3  1995HighDetailResidentialLanduse....2  1  .3  WithoutRoads"!  "2  I  .3  1988-1995LUCComparison"!  "2  I  .3  1988-1995LandUseChange'!`8>  '2  I  .3  ExampleSprawlConstruction,"!@;;< ,2  I  .3  ThePastWillRepeatItself....2  1  .3  TheJamesTillinghastHouseonAngellStreetattheCornerofHope'1@    '2  I  .3  ExampleSub-Division(Context)'!  '2  I  .3  ExampleSub-Division(detail)'!@   '2  I  .3  PossibleZoningChange"1> #"2  I  .3  1988LandUse-#;    -2  I  .3  DefinitionsofSprawl..2  A  .3  GrowSmartRhodeIsland-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Sprawlis"aninefficientdevelopmentpattern.""Sprawldescribeslanddevelopmenttrendsandpatternsthatarewastefulbecausetheytendtoconsumeanunnecessarilylargeamountofnaturalresources,requireredundantcapitalinvestments(publicfacilitiesandinfrastructures),andwasteconsiderablehumanresourcesbymakingpeoplecommuteunnecessarilylongdistances.Sprawlisalsowastefulbecauseitcausestheunder-utilizationofthesizableinvestmentsalreadymadeinurbanareas."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  VermontForumonSprawl-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "Sprawlisdisperseddevelopmentoutsideofcompacturbanandvillagecentersalonghighwaysandinruralcountryside."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  SierraClub1998-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "Sprawlislow-densitydevelopmentbeyondtheedgeofserviceandemployment,whichseparateswherepeoplelivefromwheretheyshop,work,recreate,andeducate-thusrequiringcarstomovebetweenzones."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@..2  A  .3  RichardMoec&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcXXX(presidentoftheNationalTrustforHistoricPreservation)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "[Sprawlis]low-densitydevelopmentontheedgeofcitiesandtowns-poorlyplanned,land-consumptive,auto-dependentanddesignedwithoutrespecttoitssurroundings"'1 '2  I  .3  GrowthRatesAdjustedfor30yrshift1''&'( 12  I  .3  ConclusionsofResearch....2  1  .3  WhatisbeingreferredtoasSprawlis.....2  A  .3  Therefore,oneofthemajorcausesof UrbanSprawlisthecombinedeffectofinternallife-cyclemigration,agespecificbehaviorpatternsthatincludeagespecificresidentialpreferencesandthecompositemakeupofthepopulationsagestructure.'`  '2  I  .3  Acknowledgments,"1@&$% ,2  I  .3  1995HighDetailResidentialLanduse....2  1  .3  WithRoads V?E9r%?[\!}^IC^%)Background Blank TitleBullet ChartTextOrg ChartData ChartCombinationBulleted ListWPC;XX81%X81-|3'XXXX,,,,5/ @1 M @"""333DDDUUUfffwwwMf33MMffM&f3@MYfs3Mf̙ٳMMff3Mf&M3f@MYfs3MfMf33MMffM&f3@MYfs3MfMMff3Mf&M3f@MYfs3MfMf33MMff&M3f@MYfs3Mf̙ٳMMff3MfM&f3@MYfs3MfsM&T0Y3Y9f<l@sExM̌Yٙs榀Ʀ̳ٿfffffffffsffffsffffff9b+/ @1 O3\*`-{J k!B) B ^ j%) $o#1o#1B $J ^b ) WPCXX81%`3'XXXXKKKK5139RWPC5XX81%/3'XXXX,,,, ? ///333???OOO___fffoooM$]1#n>/~K:XEeQr\gЌs՘٣ޯ㻬ƺ68>EFRN_Vl_xgow&/9BbU[ahntzůκw9~CLV_ir| fmsz#*07=DNLJ!G%E)B,=NHXTc_mjxuf@nDvH LPTX\"`&d6oAuM|Xd臟鎤땪웯喙fGqN{V]dlszƉ Αՙݡ'08;FR]hs,5"?) 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New Roman Regularc@@@        @/cqd9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..FourthItem+'"21R/#R/#W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd>2  I  .3  TitleofSlide  R/#+' $ / #lcqd9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  Q Qcqd9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  TitleofSlide+'/ -@1 B,3B, `R//R+13"=//W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9W qd9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H_9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" ddddddA2  I  .3  SubtitleofSlide  /+' 5F/lcqd9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  Q Qcqd9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  SubtitleofSlideIN_q /@Qbs /@RdvC$5FXiz#%6HYj{):C}C66hd66666666hd@6e6f6h6g6e6h6i6fJV<J' alocxb=B E8{?<\?TB7&FZ@^vK z b36[w y2IT{Yr ^~]nIbU};nf- @ERC[FNIO_R>)b>geKh[kuo<Wrx |X'YYbF%%y t6$"IiWPC:XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"#.0  .0   #.0 .)*+%'13H9 !U/ O, \AZ"Arial RegularO` ` `         @H9  Q QO, \AZ"Arial RegularO` ` `  ThePopulationDynamicsDrivingSprawl.+%/ -@1 B, 3B, `".0.0  WPCXX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"%*20 20  %20.+%13H_9 $|/O, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxx        @H_9  Q QO, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxxThomasBolioliWPCXX81%XX81%a3'XXXXKKKK9"`2/R/# R/#  `R/#.)*+%'13H9 ^3 / #tc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc Population/AgeStructureProfiles        @.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `_R// R WPC_XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc IsaCloudFog,orisFogaCloud?.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCjXX81%XX81%~3'XXXXKKKK9"}2R/# R/#  }R/#.)*+%'13H9 {s/ #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1990Population:DeviationfromStateAverage.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `|R//@R@WPCmXX81%XX81%3'XXXXKKKK9"2R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 ~s/ #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1970-1990Population:DeviationfromStateNorm.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R//@R@WPCvXX81%XX81%3'XXXXKKKK9"2R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 s/ #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1970-1990Population:PercentDeviationfromStateNorm.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R//@R@WPC`XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#-.)*+%'153H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc SprawlDefined.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC@XX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ClassificationsofTowns.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCCXX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9"uQ/" uQ/"  uQ/"-.)*+%'153       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrtuvwxyz{|}~+Q:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..UrbanCore:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsCentralFalls,Providence,Pawtucket,Woonsocket,Newport.Thesemunicipalitiesarehistoricallycitiesandaredubbed"oldmunicipalities"byGSRI.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..UrbanRing:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsN.Providence,E.Providence,W.Warwick,Cranston,Warwick.Thesemunicipalitiesareconsidered"newmunicipalities"andhaveonlybecomecitiesafterWWII.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Suburban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsBristol,Warren,Barrington,Middletown,Narragansett,Johnston,Cumberland,Lincoln,Westerly,E.Greenwich,Portsmouth,Smithfield,N.Kingstown,Jamestown.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Rural/EmergingSuburban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   ContainsTiverton,Coventry,S.Kingstown,N.Smithfield,Burrillville,Charlestown,Scituate,LittleCompton,Glocester,Hopkington,Richmond,Exeter,Foster,NewShoreham(BlockIsland),WestGreenwichc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Urban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Containsbothurbancoreandurbanringgroupscombined.c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@Ԁfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Non-urban:c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Containsbothsuburbanandrural/emergingsuburbangroupscombined.WPCyXX81%XX81%^3'XXXXKKKK9"]2]Rs/# Rs/# ]Rs/#.)*+%M'13M \s/ #gc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc     M   @M  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ClassificationsMap        @WPCZXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ExampleSub-Division(Context).+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCRXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc PossibleZoningChange.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC5XX81%XX81%13'XXXX,,,,9"02-R/# R/# 0R/#.%13H9 .3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc DefinitionsofSprawl.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `/R// R WPCXX81%XX81%13'XXXX,,,,9"-u/" u/" -u/".)*+%'13 ,+:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..GrowSmartRhodeIsland-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   Sprawlis"aninefficientdevelopmentpattern.""Sprawldescribeslanddevelopmenttrendsandpatternsthatarewastefulbecausetheytendtoconsumeanunnecessarilylargeamountofnaturalresources,requireredundantcapitalinvestments(publicfacilitiesandinfrastructures),andwasteconsiderablehumanresourcesbymakingpeoplecommuteunnecessarilylongdistances.Sprawlisalsowastefulbecauseitcausestheunder-utilizationofthesizableinvestmentsalreadymadeinurbanareas."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..VermontForumonSprawl-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "Sprawlisdisperseddevelopmentoutsideofcompacturbanandvillagecentersalonghighwaysandinruralcountryside."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..SierraClub1998-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "Sprawlislow-densitydevelopmentbeyondtheedgeofserviceandemployment,whichseparateswherepeoplelivefromwheretheyshop,work,recreate,andeducate-thusrequiringcarstomovebetweenzones."c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..RichardMoec&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcXXX(presidentoftheNationalTrustforHistoricPreservation)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@-c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc   "[Sprawlis]low-densitydevelopmentontheedgeofcitiesandtowns-poorlyplanned,land-consumptive,auto-dependentanddesignedwithoutrespecttoitssurroundings"WPC>XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9|"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc IndicatorsofSprawl.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9|" u/"u/"W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W ff&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W ff&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W ff&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   u/".)*+%'13 +:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcfff        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..Lossofopenspace/generalinefficientlandusepatternsfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareasfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..Increasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermitsfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..Lossoffarms,forestlandfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..Increasedtimeintraffic/increasedvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareasfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0"..GeneralizedUrbanDecayWPCIXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9>"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc CausesofSprawlCommonlyCited.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"*uL/" uL/"  uL/"-.)*+%'153 +L:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..TheAdventoftheAutomobilefc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..CulturalShiftintheIdeaofUrbanFormfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..EconomicWealth(orlackthereof)WPC`XX81%XX81%3'XXXXKKKK9"2/R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc GrowthRatesAdjustedfor30yrshift.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC1XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"%2/R/# R/# %R/#.%13H9 #3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc TodaysLineup.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `$R// R WPCXX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9""q#/cq#/cW @@&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$  "q#/c.)*+%'13 !'#?/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..DefineandDiscussSprawlfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..DataandDefinitionsfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..AgeStructurefc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..AgeSpecificBehavior(LifeCycleMigration)fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..HistoricalUrbanDevelopmentfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..CursorySpatialAnalysisofDevelopmentinRIfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..ImplicationsofFindingsc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(AlsoInterspersedThroughout)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..ConclusionsWPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"2R/# R/#  R/#-.)*+%'153H9 s/ #gc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ExampleSubdivision        @.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R//@R@WPCYXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ExampleSub-Division(detail).+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"2 R/#R/#W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   R/#-.)*+%'153H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc Acknowledgments.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%J3'XXXXKKKK9"I2R3 /# R3 /# IR3 /#.)*+%M'13M H3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc     M   @M  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1995LandUseWPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9P>"+u]/" u]/"  u]/".*+%'13 +]:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..PopulationNormalizationfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..PopulationModeling(HoldingMigrationZero)WPC0XX81%XX81%X3'XXXX,,,,9"W20R/# R/# WR/#.%13H9 U3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc MethodsandData.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `VR// R WPCRXX81%XX81%S3'XXXX,,,,9"N20R/# R/#  NR/#.)*+%'13H9 L3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc HypothesisofResearch.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `MR// R WPCXX81%XX81%S3'XXXX,,,,9"P=/ /  P/.+%13H_9 O5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcSprawlis...WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"u%/"u%/"W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +)?  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   u%/"-.)*+%'153 +%:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcTherefore,oneofthemajorcausesofUrbanSprawlisthecombinedeffectofinternallife-cyclemigration,agespecificbehaviorpatternsthatincludeagespecificresidentialpreferencesandthecompositemakeupofthepopulationsagestructure.WPCWXX81%XX81%{3'XXXX,,,,9"x20R/# R/#  xR/#.)*+%'13H9 v3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc AgeStructureNormalization.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `wR// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9" u/" u/"  u/".)*+%'153 +:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@Normalizationallowsonetoseethedifferencesbetweentworegionsagestructures.Thisisaccomplishedbyusingthetotalofbothpopulationsasabaselinetocomparethetworegionsagainst.WPC\XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc RelativeNormalizationoverTime.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC[XX81%XX81%v3'XXXX,,,,9"s20R/# R/#  sR/#.)*+%'13H9 q3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc AgeSpecificHousingPreference.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `rR// R WPClXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"Ju/" u/"  u/"-.)*+%'153 +:/Fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@ThisisreferredtoasLife-CycleMigrationandcanbeshownindirectlybyusingamethodknownasAge-StructureNormalization.WPC`XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1995HighDetailResidentialLanduse.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"=/ /  /.+%13H_9 5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcWithRoadsWPCSXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ConclusionsofResearch.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"=/ /  /.+%13H_9 5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcWhatisbeingreferredtoasSprawlis...WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"iu%/"u%/"W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +)?  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   u%/"-.)*+%'153 +%:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcTherefore,oneofthemajorcausesof UrbanSprawlisthecombinedeffectofinternallife-cyclemigration,agespecificbehaviorpatternsthatincludeagespecificresidentialpreferencesandthecompositemakeupofthepopulationsagestructure.WPC9XX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc TodaysLineup.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9"*u/" u/"  u/"-.)*+%'153 +:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..DefineandDiscussSprawlfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..DataandDefinitionsfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..AgeStructurefc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..NaturalIncrease(NI)v.Migrationfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..AgeSpecificBehavior(LifeCycleMigration)fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..InferredMigrationfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..ShiftsinAgeSpecificBehaviorfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..ConclusionsWPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"2.R/#R/#W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc TheDevelopmentPatterninRIis....+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"u/"u/"W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W ee&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   u/"-.)*+%'153 e+:/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..NotsimplytheresultofUrbantoRuralmigration.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..Largelynottheresultofchangesinculturalsettlementpatternsovertime.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..However,largelytheresultofdemographictrends.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..Unequivocallyrelatedtopopulationgrowth.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..Relatedtoresidentialpreferencedrivenbyfamilialneeds.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @08..Mostlikelynotsomethingradicallynewanddifferentfrompastsettlementpatterns.WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"uql0(ql0(W @@&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   ql0(-.)*+%'153 e'l/7 c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Thatthehousingdemandseeninthelast30yearswasrealandnottheresultofglutenousbehavior.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Thatoverthestudyperiod,age-specificresidentialpreferencehasnotchangedsignificantly.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Thatoverallpopulationgrowthisnotanadequatemeasuretocompareothergrowthrateswith.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..TheconceptofSprawlsuffersfromalackofcontextwithregardstotimeandscale.WPCCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"2/R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc TheResearchWillShow....+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCYXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc NaturalIncreasev.Migration.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCLXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc NaturalIncrease.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9"<uA/" uA/"  uA/"-.)*+%'153 +A:/kc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@NIt=Birthst-Deathstfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@Therefore,assumingthereisnomigration,theNaturalIncreaseisthedifferencebetweenthenumberofbirthsintimetandthenumberdeathsintimet.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@TheNIforaregionwasderivedbymodelingthepopulationusinghistoricalCensusnumbersandbirth/deathrateswhileholdingmigrationatzero.WPC]XX81%XX81%d3'XXXXKKKK9"c2/R/# R/#  cR/#.)*+%'13H9 a3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc RhodeIslandHousingConstruction.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `bR// R WPC<XX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"&u/"u/"W @@&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   u/"-.)*+%'153 +:/] c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Lossofopenspace(doesnotincludespatialportionofargument,yet...)fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Aggregateincreasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermitsfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Lossoffarms,forestland(again,withregardstoaggregatelossofland)WPC<XX81%XX81%q3'XXXX,,,,9"n20R/# R/# nR/#.%13H9 l3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc SomeFalseSprawlIndicators.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `mR// R WPCXX81%XX81%q3'XXXX,,,,9"p=/ /  p/.+%13H_9 o5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcWhatSprawlisNotWPCYXX81%XX81%H3'XXXXKKKK9"G2/R/# R/#  GR/#.)*+%'13H9 E3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc HousingandPopulationGrowth.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `FR// R WPCsXX81%XX81%g3'XXXXKKKK9"f2R/# R/#  fR/#.)*+%'13H9 ds/ # c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ContributionofVacation/OccasionalUseHomesOverTime.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `eR//@R@WPC:XX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9>"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc InferredMigration.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCv XX81%XX81%e3'XXXX,,,,9>"&u/" u/"  u/"-.)*+%'153 +:/R c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Life-CycleMigrationDataisnotavailabletodetermineinter-regionmigration.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Inlieuofthatdataasecondmethodwasemployedknownasnormalization.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Thiswillallowmigrationtobedeterminedbyinference.WPCVXX81%XX81%j3'XXXXKKKK9"i2/R/# R/#  iR/#.)*+%'13H9 g3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc RIHousingTypesOverTime.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `hR// R WPCWXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ThePastWillRepeatItself.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"=0/ 0/  0/.+%13H_9 50F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcTheJamesTillinghastHouseonAngellStreetattheCornerofHopeWPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"=/ /  /.+%13H_9 5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcSprawlMay Be aChangeofScaleWPCWXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.)*+%'13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc ExampleSprawlConstruction.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPC`XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"#2/R/# R/#  #R/#.)*+%'13H9 !3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc 1995HighDetailResidentialLanduse.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `"R// R WPCXX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"%=/ /  %/.+%13H_9 $5F/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H_9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman RegularcWithoutRoadsWPCXX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"#2/R/#R/#W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   #R/#.)*+%'13H9 !3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc EndofPopulationSection.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `"R// R WPCw XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"%wN-HN-HW @@&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +)?  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   %N-H.+%13 $:Nh,c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        SurgeonGeneralsWarning:        @f  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@TherestofthepresentationdealswithmyinterpretationofSprawltakingintoaccountthedemographicfactorsjustdescribed.Thisparthasnotbeenstudiedtoanygreatextent.Itmustalsobestatedthattheseviewsarewhollymyownanddonotreflecttheviewsandbeliefsofmyadvisor,whowillremainnameless.WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/#R/#W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +H9)?  !@-B,B, 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc IndicatorsofSprawlStillStanding.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"hu'/" u'/"  u'/"-.)*+%'153 +':/c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareasfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareasWPC4XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9"%9*R/# R/# %R/#.%13H9 #3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc IndicatorsofSprawl.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `$R// R WPC""XX81%XX81%&3'XXXX,,,,9""^q/Fq/FW xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W kk&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W kk&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W kk&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$  "q/F.)*+%'13 !'?/Wc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularckkk        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..Lossofopenspace/generalinefficientlandusepatterns        @ c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..Housinglocationtrendsinonceruralareasfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..Increasesinsinglefamilyhousingstartsandbuildingpermits         @ c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..Lossoffarms,forestland c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @(NotintheAggregate) c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..Increasedtimeintraffic/increasedvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)        @ (TrivialInRI)         @fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..GreaterincreaseofpopulationinNon-UrbanareasasopposedtoUrbanareasfc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @0$..GeneralizedUrbanDecay c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @(CouldbeattributedtolossofPopulation)c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularcxxx        @ WPCGXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"20R/# R/#  R/#.%13H9 3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @H9  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc OriginalDefinitionofSprawl.+%/ -@1 B,3B, `R// R WPCgXX81%XX81%3'XXXX,,,,9"Zuv/"uv/"W @@&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W xx&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +W &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd$   uv/"-.)*+%'153 +v:/ c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc        @a /!!!!!!ac&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..TheconceptofSprawlhastakenonalifeofitsown.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..WilliamH.WhyteJr.whocoinedthephrasehadneverintendedfortheconceptofSprawltobesoencompassing.fc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @  /  c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc@@@        @0M..Hebasicallydidnotlikeleapfrogdevelopmentandfeltthatvacantlotswereahugeproblem.WPCXX81%XX81%,3'XXXXKKKK9")2.R3 /# R3 /# )R3 /#.)*+%M'13M (3 / #c&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc     M   @M  Q Qc&d9 Z6Times New Roman Regularc IntroSlide &6Mwx$ Uy   B y13 k %"e4%U>FNqEEPE46F9I$J:J >%J 0J- DJ >dMSxM/RM#)O5)QS.WQ7wQ$U͸ZXum2-g1嘣׊#M*5e.WPCKwXX81%%+}3'XXXXKKKK ? ///333???OOO___fffoooM$]1#n>/~K:XEeQr\gЌs՘٣ޯ㻬ƺ68>EFRN_Vl_xgow&/9BbU[ahntzůκw9~CLV_ir| fmsz#*07=DNLJ!G%E)B,=NHXTc_mjxuf@nDvH LPTX\"`&d6oAuM|Xd臟鎤땪웯喙fGqN{V]dlszƉ Αՙݡ'08;FR]hs,5"?) H1 R8 [@dGnOwV^kp v%|*4ʐ>MORTWY[^`chjmorzsy߅9613$"yZ-,.-,.!,*xZv \;D"QrIPRPExcel.Chart.80ࡱ> ba  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry!F )u.ŕ@Ole =CompObjbWorkbookD  !"#$%&'()*+,./0123456789:;<>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcefghikmnoqrstuvwx-F!PRWin[2005880] !FMicrosoft Excel ChartBiff8Excel.Chart.89q.^k0* pHd VBAProject4@j = r ; J< rstdole>stdole f%\*\G{00020430-C 0046}#2.0#0#C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\c2.tlb#OLE Automation^DOfficDO>fic5DD2DF8D04C-5B A@\pThomas Bolioli Ba=   ThisWorkbook =k0$9X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Tms Rmn1Tms Rmn1Tms Rmn1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) 0.0% "$"#,##0 "$"#,##0.00 #,##0.000 #,##0.00.0 "$"#,##0.0 #,##0.0000 0.000%                + ) , *  ` (Line Population Pyramids'M<Provisional Births (State)ChartCHome Const. (1980-1998).MHome Const (1954-1998)XPopulation (54-98)!dSF Home Sales (1980-1998)+nHousing Units TotalvSingle Housing Units5Multi Housing Units Single Family Home SalesY% POP-CONST 1954-1998'% POP-CONST 1954-1998 (Delayed)bCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisES 201 Fall 1999FinalPROVIDENCE MONO SHEET.xlsPROVIDENCE MONO SHEET *.jCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisES 201 Fall 1999FinalRhode Island EDC data by town.xlsVehicle Tax RateHousing Tax RateTotal Housing AuthorizationsProvisional Births (State)ChartProvisional Net Births (State)CProvisional BirthsProvisional Net Births BARRINGTONBRISTOL BURRILLVILLE CENTRAL_FALLS CHARLESTOWNCOVENTRYCRANSTON CUMBERLANDEAST_GREENWICHEAST_PROVIDENCEEXETERFOSTER GLOCESTER HOPKINTON JAMESTOWNJOHNSTONLINCOLNLITTLE_COMPTON MIDDLETOWN NARRAGANSETT NEW_SHOREHAMNEWPORTNORTH_KINGSTOWNNORTH_PROVIDENCENORTH_SMITHFIELD PAWTUCKET PORTSMOUTH PROVIDENCERICHMONDSCITUATE SMITHFIELDSOUTH_KINGSTOWNTIVERTONWARRENWARWICKWEST_GREENWICH WEST_WARWICKWESTERLY WOONSOCKETYZ@@@@@@@ @@@@@ @$@(@,@0@Z(Total Births per Year@G@i@@@b@@]@@@@@R@@H@@@YY#|8ZCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisES 201 Fall 1999FinalAnnual Trends.xlsHome Const. 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Hourly EarningsAir Passengers Air Cargo Tourism ValueAgriculture Dollars Fish Pounds Fish DollarsGross State ProductPCIPCI RankPCI RI as percent of USPCI RI as percent of NECPICPI Percent ChangeIncome 4 Person Family Retail Sales Room SalesExports Mfg Sq FTMfg Cons dollars Comm Sq FTComm Cons dollars Construction dollarsTextile Emp from 1940 Jewelry EmpANNUAL TRENDS SHEETCharts for TrendsY6Z;@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ğ@Ȟ@̞@О@Ԟ@؞@ܞ@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@ @$@(@,@0@4@8@Z;@@@@@Њ@Ȋ@܊@Њ@8@`@@@@h@Ќ@ @@ @@@Ѝ@@@؍@@@@ȍ@Ѝ@@@H@@@(@H@33333[@`@fffffF@fffff2@@33333@fffff@33333ێ@@Z;Gf@@@@F@ĩ@p@@@=@_@@@t@@@@Y@@c@@l@@:@>@M@ڦ@@@@N@@@@@2@ħ@@@@@֣@@<@@@Zg;1H@@\@@@Ģ@4@"@:@(@أ@Zg;1I@(@@t@k@e@ j@O@x@u@Y@Z JSingle Family Home SalesZ;)L@@D@@=@@F@v@и@@9@ @@@@A@&@@t@RCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisES 295 Spring 2000FinalTOM.XLSMOD!!! ANNUAL TRENDS SHEET% POP-CONST 1954-1998% POP-CONST 1954-1998 (Delayed)Sheet1Population (54-98)Home Const (1954-1998)POP-CONST 1954-1998YZ;K@K@L@L@M@M@N@N@O@O@P@@P@P@P@Q@@Q@Q@Q@R@@R@R@R@S@@S@S@S@T@@T@T@T@U@@U@U@U@V@@V@V@V@W@@W@W@W@X@@X@X@Z( Growth Rate of Census PopulationZ;!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 'a? jLϺy?(1Q?퉋,a?M [y?܁}?|?+!O2@?Lr z,|?Unp?Q^"c?R}*C?:SXY&jevdeZq#pEP[{ZhM@R?Zc;wnB ?f]ve? I?g3*_]s4yLևXo?3qL7?ʖUTD|Mn?S7?!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 'a?Z$LGrowth Rate of Housing UnitsZ;LZӘd?^Wؑ?l ?0RT?+t?|k&?YΏ?I ?4XY?ge?z "? șݗ?K?^3?F[?z? c?p T>?n?W2?nT u?1͗?+>?H+?جsN?\+?] @`?0X?Mz?*#?mޜ?͌?=b?nRą?\)ë?6jg?A~?Axw?`ry?űy?(x?cÀt?9g.w?5k4{y?ԩ y?QCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisPresentationresults{rev-2}.xls1980 Migration Rates1990 Migration RatesState Migration Rates 1970 Observed 1980 Observed1980 Expected (Model)1980 Expected (Model w migrati) 1990 Observed1990 Expected (Model)1990 Expected (Model w migrati) Model TotalsModel Totals (w- migration) Dev Totals Alt. Totals3D Population PyramidsLine Population Pyramids1980 Raw Difference (Model)1980 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1990 Raw Difference (Model)1990 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1970 Difference (Dev)1980 Difference (Dev)1990 Difference (Dev)1970 Population Pyramid1980 Population Pyramid1990 Population PyramidY Zc00_4c05_9c10_14c15_19c20_24c25_29c30_34c35_39c40_44c45_49c50_54c55_59c60_64c65_69c70_74c75_79c80_84c85_plusZ Ȟ@Z@PS@P@@@@@C@@@@&@ @@@@@@Z @Z@ @P@Pj@g@`@P7@@(@P@`d@@|@a@@@@9@Z @Z!@1@ '@@0)@ Z@@@^@@^@x@@~@@`Z@@^@g@l@266 # industry2; # industry3; ' years_80_88_2; % Years_80_92; `i  A@MAcrobat Distiller o odXX )/!dCustom page 0BBCustom page 1BBCustom page 2BBCustom page 3BB"dXX??3` 4#` 4#` 8-` 4#` 4#ZZ=3d 3Q:  1970Q ;Q ;Q3_  NM  MM<4E4 3Q:  1980Q ;Q ;Q3_ ! NM  MM<4E4 3Q:  1990Q ;!!QQ3_ " NM  MM<4E4D$% MP+3O&Q4$% MP+3O&Q4FA _ 3O_ _ 3 b MZ! 43*#M! M4% [M3O4&Q Cohorts'4% -ZMZ3Oi&Q &Numbers of People'4523  O43" BT3O@% Mp73OQ443_ M NM  MM<444% M2M3O&Q P&Population Profiles for RI (1970-1990)'44ec00_4c00_4c05_9c05_9c10_14c10_14c15_19c15_19c20_24c20_24c25_29c25_29c30_34c30_34c35_39c35_39c40_44c40_44 c45_49 c45_49 c50_54 c50_54 c55_59 c55_59 c60_64 c60_64 c65_69 c65_69c70_74c70_74c75_79c75_79c80_84c80_84c85_plusc85_pluse@@@PS@ @1@P@P@ '@@Pj@@@g@0)@@`@ Z@@P7@@C@@@@(@^@ @ P@ @^@ @ `d@ x@ &@ @ @ @ |@ ~@ @ a@ @@@`Z@@@@^@@@g@@9@l@e>   A@"@_??r3` 4#` 4#` 4#`0 c3/2d 3Q:( .Total Births per YearQ ;((Q ;Q3_4E4D$% MP+3O&Q4$% MP+3O&Q4FA  3O)b 3 b#M43*F@#M! 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ANNUAL TRENDS SHEET% POP-CONST 1954-1998% POP-CONST 1954-1998 (Delayed)Sheet1Population (54-98)Home Const (1954-1998)POP-CONST 1954-1998YZ;K@K@L@L@M@M@N@N@O@O@P@@P@P@P@Q@@Q@Q@Q@R@@R@R@R@S@@S@S@S@T@@T@T@T@U@@U@U@U@V@@V@V@V@W@@W@W@W@X@@X@X@Z( Growth Rate of Census PopulationZ;!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 'a? jLϺy?(1Q?퉋,a?M [y?܁}?|?+!O2@?Lr z,|?Unp?Q^"c?R}*C?:SXY&jevdeZq#pEP[{ZhM@R?Zc;wnB ?f]ve? I?g3*_]s4yLևXo?3qL7?ʖUTD|Mn?S7?!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 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(1980-1998)Home Const (1954-1998)Population (54-98)SF Home Sales (1980-1998)Goods vs Service Population 10RES Labor ForceResident EmployedResident Unemployed UI Rates 10W & S Employment w & s emp 40 1998 Div PieDivision ChangeHousing Units TotalSingle Housing UnitsMulti Housing UnitsMedian Selling PriceSingle Family Home SalesEmp Goods ProducingEmp ConstructionEmp ManufacturingTextile EmploymentEmp Service SectorEmp Transportation Emp Finance Emp TradeEmp Service DivisionEmp GovernmentAvg. Hourly EarningsAir Passengers Air Cargo Tourism ValueAgriculture Dollars Fish Pounds Fish DollarsGross State ProductPCIPCI RankPCI RI as percent of USPCI RI as percent of NECPICPI Percent ChangeIncome 4 Person Family Retail Sales Room SalesExports Mfg Sq FTMfg Cons dollars Comm Sq FTComm Cons dollars Construction dollarsTextile Emp from 1940 Jewelry EmpANNUAL TRENDS SHEETCharts for TrendsY6Z;@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Ğ@Ȟ@̞@О@Ԟ@؞@ܞ@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@ @$@(@,@0@4@8@Z;@@@@@Њ@Ȋ@܊@Њ@8@`@@@@h@Ќ@ @@ @@@Ѝ@@@؍@@@@ȍ@Ѝ@@@H@@@(@H@33333[@`@fffffF@fffff2@@33333@fffff@33333ێ@@Z;Gf@@@@F@ĩ@p@@@=@_@@@t@@@@Y@@c@@l@@:@>@M@ڦ@@@@N@@@@@2@ħ@@@@@֣@@<@@@Zg;1H@@\@@@Ģ@4@"@:@(@أ@Zg;1I@(@@t@k@e@ j@O@x@u@Y@Z JSingle Family Home SalesZ;)L@@D@@=@@F@v@и@@9@ @@@@A@&@@t@RCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisES 295 Spring 2000FinalTOM.XLSMOD!!! ANNUAL TRENDS SHEET% POP-CONST 1954-1998% POP-CONST 1954-1998 (Delayed)Sheet1Population (54-98)Home Const (1954-1998)POP-CONST 1954-1998YZ;K@K@L@L@M@M@N@N@O@O@P@@P@P@P@Q@@Q@Q@Q@R@@R@R@R@S@@S@S@S@T@@T@T@T@U@@U@U@U@V@@V@V@V@W@@W@W@W@X@@X@X@Z( Growth Rate of Census PopulationZ;!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 'a? jLϺy?(1Q?퉋,a?M [y?܁}?|?+!O2@?Lr z,|?Unp?Q^"c?R}*C?:SXY&jevdeZq#pEP[{ZhM@R?Zc;wnB ?f]ve? I?g3*_]s4yLևXo?3qL7?ʖUTD|Mn?S7?!sbT??s&?ъ?T؀?XwS3]g?M\|?R/Iaw?PB ?:Jс? |?g]dž?2vJ?o$k6?_|r?۝ 6h֎?h~h~?;ڼOq`?)I 퉋,Qq?X0Ҏu?" 'a?Z$LGrowth Rate of Housing UnitsZ;LZӘd?^Wؑ?l ?0RT?+t?|k&?YΏ?I ?4XY?ge?z "? șݗ?K?^3?F[?z? c?p T>?n?W2?nT u?1͗?+>?H+?جsN?\+?] @`?0X?Mz?*#?mޜ?͌?=b?nRą?\)ë?6jg?A~?Axw?`ry?űy?(x?cÀt?9g.w?5k4{y?ԩ y?QCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisPresentationresults{rev-2}.xls1980 Migration Rates1990 Migration RatesState Migration Rates 1970 Observed 1980 Observed1980 Expected (Model)1980 Expected (Model w migrati) 1990 Observed1990 Expected (Model)1990 Expected (Model w migrati) Model TotalsModel Totals (w- migration) Dev Totals Alt. Totals3D Population PyramidsLine Population Pyramids1980 Raw Difference (Model)1980 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1990 Raw Difference (Model)1990 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1970 Difference (Dev)1980 Difference (Dev)1990 Difference (Dev)1970 Population Pyramid1980 Population Pyramid1990 Population PyramidY Zc00_4c05_9c10_14c15_19c20_24c25_29c30_34c35_39c40_44c45_49c50_54c55_59c60_64c65_69c70_74c75_79c80_84c85_plusZ Ȟ@Z@PS@P@@@@@C@@@@&@ @@@@@@Z @Z@ @P@Pj@g@`@P7@@(@P@`d@@|@a@@@@9@Z @Z!@1@ '@@0)@ Z@@@^@@^@x@@~@@`Z@@^@g@l@"MCWINDOWSProfilesTomMy DocumentsBrownThesisAnalysisresults{rev-2}.xls Summaries1980 Migration and Rates1990 Migration and RatesState Migration Rates 1970 Observed 1980 Observed1980 Expected (Model)1980 Expected (Model w migrati) 1990 Observed1990 Expected (Model)1990 Expected (Model w migrati) Model TotalsModel Totals (w- migration) Dev TotalsAlt. Dev TotalsAlt. Model Totals3D Population PyramidsLine Population Pyramids1980 Raw Difference (Model)1980 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1990 Raw Difference (Model)1990 Raw Difference (Mod w mig)1970 Difference (Dev)1980 Difference (Dev)1990 Difference (Dev)Percent Deviation 1970Percent Deviation 1980Percent Deviation 1990Percent Deviation 4 way 1970Percent Deviation 4 way 1980Percent Deviation 4 way 19901970 Population Pyramid1980 Population Pyramid1990 Population PyramidY Zc00_4c05_9c10_14c15_19c20_24c25_29c30_34c35_39c40_44c45_49c50_54c55_59c60_64c65_69c70_74c75_79c80_84c85_plusZ  Non-Urban=eXހ"hgPP̼ 4@NwGP4ڥ@TOϖ۰u@0a*<@HmTC@|s@@1@X,\{@0OX@6@x @Z Urban=e@Pހ"@`g@P@P̼ 4@Nw@G@P4ڥ@TOϖ@۰u@a*<PmTC|s@1`,\{0OX6x Z  Non-Urbano+RZGѝG~@P_@r@ 0@ c:@ZUrban2xv[@C4+[@PY @`M@Ӧ, 4t{@ljw@80@`U]#ҟ@+h.@KF1@`7Fё@C^戼{>~@_r0c:Z Non-UrbanĐ0xv05Ȁd`?bvʬ? kh^.I..{U ́LhMMcL??X湹?(?d?BŞ?յ0a?l;G?ZUrbanwdi?_,O?w-?휠? 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Wd?,V BŞ?|y յ0a?9tBoǿl;G?%@y`ÿe> %@y`  A@MAcrobat Distiller o odXX={)/!dCustom page 0BBCustom page 1BBCustom page 2BBCustom page 3BB"dXX??3` 4#+` 4#,` 4#-?73d 3Q:)  Non-UrbanQ ;))Q ;Q3_43_4E4 3Q:* UrbanQ ;**Q ;Q3_43_4E4D$% MP+3O&-Q4$% MP+3O&,Q4FA 3O 3 b#M43*ٿ?N #M! M4523  O43"  U3O F % Mp73O&Q423 M NM4444% SM3O&+Q ^-1990 Relative Deviation from RI State Average'44ec00_4c00_4c05_9c05_9c10_14c10_14c15_19c15_19c20_24c20_24c25_29c25_29c30_34c30_34c35_39c35_39c40_44c40_44 c45_49 c45_49 c50_54 c50_54 c55_59 c55_59 c60_64 c60_64 c65_69 c65_69c70_74c70_74c75_79c75_79c80_84c80_84c85_plusc85_pluse=p?D#'=.aZ%Q?GOڭ<0Χ?t9s??OYQ??sK?J?=), 4nq&G?u erfߪ?Qn֣d? -{¿ 2뎎? hZ P ?  G$?? t [ Hi? ɖZ? sϪeH?σ^8!ک׀xX?"kVM5?aaa?fe>   A@MAcrobat Distiller o odXX )/!dCustom page 0BBCustom page 1BBCustom page 2BBCustom page 3BB"dXX??3` 4#` 4#` 8-` 4#` 4#?73d 3Q:  1970Q ;Q ;Q3_  NM  MM<4E4 3Q:  1980Q ;Q ;Q3_ ! NM  MM<4E4 3Q:  1990Q ;!!QQ3_4E4D$% MP+3O&Q4$% MP+3O&Q4FA9 y 3O Y 3 b MZ! 43*#M! 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